网站出现的问题,wordpress 新浪微博分享,专业做球赛旅游的网站,制作图片文字模板的软件目录 nginx实验1#xff08;快速建站#xff09;实验2#xff08;更换默认网页目录#xff09;实验3#xff08;内网穿透花生壳#xff09;实验4#xff08;综合nginx#xff09;实验5#xff08;基于不同IP的虚拟主机网站#xff09;实验6#xff08;基于不同端口号… 目录 nginx实验1快速建站实验2更换默认网页目录实验3内网穿透花生壳实验4综合nginx实验5基于不同IP的虚拟主机网站实验6基于不同端口号的虚拟主机网站实验7基于不同域名的虚拟主机网站 apache实验1快速建站实验2更换默认网页目录实验3身份验证登录网页实验4密码验证登录网页 nginx
实验1快速建站
快速建站nginx
[rootserver ~]# yum install nginx -y[rootserver ~]# echo welcome to csdn /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart nginx[rootserver ~]# curl 192.168.160.137
welcome to csdn也可在浏览器中输入本机ip查看
实验2更换默认网页目录
更换默认网页目录(nginx)第一步准备工作
[rootserver ~]# setenforce 0[rootserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[rootserver ~]# yum install nginx -y[rootserver ~]# systemctl start nginx第二步新建网页存储目录/web使用xftp将网页数据上传到/web内
[rootserver ~]# mkdir /web
[rootserver ~]# cd /web[rootserver web]# ls
css img index.html js第三步修改主配置文件
[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.confroot /web; # 找到第42行修改第四步重启服务器并测试
[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart nginx
#windows端打开浏览器输入服务器的地址进行测试实验3内网穿透花生壳
搭建网站使用花生壳进行内网穿透实现公网访问第一步准备工作
[rootserver ~]# setenforce 0[rootserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[rootserver ~]# yum install httpd -y[rootserver ~]# systemctl start httpd[rootserver ~]# systemctl enable httpd第二步搭建网站将网页数据/index上传后编辑主配置文件
[rootserver web1]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot /web
Directory /web AllowOverride None# Allow open access:Require all granted
/Directory第三步重启服务器并测试,在浏览器中输入ip地址测试
[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart nginx第四步使用贝锐花生壳https://hsk.oray.com/进行内网穿透4.1注册登录完成身份证的实名认证 在这里插入图片描述 4.2注册个人账号 4.3使用微信扫码快速注册4.4进行个人认证需要使用个人身份证进行认证4.5点击管理平台 4.6创建内网映射 4.7下载Linux客户端 4.8下载客户端选择应用平台为RedHat “点击复制” 4.9Linux客户端下载并安装
[rootserver ~]# wget https://dl.oray.com/hsk/linux/phddns_5.3.0_amd64.rpm -O phddns_5.3.0_amd64.rpm [rootserver ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg phddns_5.3.0_amd64.rpm[rootserver ~]# rpm -ivh phddns_5.3.0_amd64.rpm安装完之后出现的信息 启动
[rootserver ~]# phddns start
phtunnel service start success !复制下图“右下角的网址”重新打开浏览器输入http://b.oray.com完成账号登录激活 第五步重新登录使用SN登录
# 查看SN号
[rootserver ~]# phddns status--------------------------------------------------| Oray PeanutHull Linux 5.3.0 |--------------------------------------------------| Runstatus: ONLINE |--------------------------------------------------| SN: oray1358b95b40a9 |--------------------------------------------------| Remote Management Address http://b.oray.com |--------------------------------------------------激活(手机扫码或贝锐账号) 第六步访问网站 http://9266gd775bt0.vicp.fun(创建内网映射时生成的网址)进行测试
实验4综合nginx 包含了以上两种功能 综合练习请给openlab搭建web网站网站需求 1.基于域名www.openlab.com可以访问网站内容为welcome to openlab!!! 2.给该公司创建三个子界面分别显示学生信息教学资料和缴费网站基于www.openlab.com/student网站访问学生信息www.openlab.com/data网站访问教学资料www.openlab.com/money网站访问缴费网站 3.要求 学生信息网站只有song和tian两人可以访问其他用户不能访问。访问缴费网站实现数据加密基于https访问。 第一步准备工作
# 恢复快照关闭安全软件[rootserver ~]# yum install nginx -y[rootserver ~]# yum install httpd-tools -y
# windows的C\:windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts 文件进行DNS映射
192.168.48.130 www.openlab.com # 添加第二步创建www.openlab.com网站
[rootserver ~]# mkdir -p /www/openlab[rootserver ~]# echo welcom to csdn /www/openlab/index.html[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
server {listen 80;server_name www.openlab.com;root /www/openlab;
}[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart nginx
# window端打开浏览器输入www.openlab.com测试第三步创建教学资料子网站www.openlab.com/data
[rootserver ~]# mkdir /www/openlab/data[rootserver ~]# echo data /www/openlab/data/index.html[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.confserver {listen 80;server_name www.openlab.com;root /www/openlab;# 添加以下配置location /data {alias /www/openlab/data;index index.html index.htm;}
}
[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart nginx
# window端打开浏览器输入www.openlab.com/data测试第四步: 创建学生信息子网站www.openlab.com/student
[rootserver ~]# mkdir /www/openlab/student [rootserver ~]# echo student /www/openlab/student/index.html[rootserver ~]# useradd song [rootserver ~]# passwd song # 密码123456[rootserver ~]# useradd tian[rootserver ~]# passwd tian # 密码654321[rootserver ~]# htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/passwd song # 输入密码123456[rootserver ~]# htpasswd /etc/nginx/passwd tian # 输入密码654321[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.confserver {listen 80;server_name www.openlab.com;root /www/openlab;location /data {alias /www/openlab/data;index index.html index.htm;}# 添加以下配置location /student {alias /www/openlab/student;index index.html index.htm;auth_basic Please input password;auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/passwd;}}
[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart nginx第五步创建缴费子网站www.openlab.com/money
[rootserver ~]# mkdir /www/openlab/money[rootserver ~]# echo money /www/openlab/money/index.html[rootserver ~]# openssl genrsa -aes128 2048 /etc/nginx/money.key
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
...............................................................
........
e is 65537 (0x010001)
Enter pass phrase: # 输入加密私钥的密码123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase: # 再次输入[rootserver ~]# openssl req -utf8 -new -key /etc/nginx/money.key -x509 -days 365 -out /etc/nginx/money.crt # 制作证书
Enter pass phrase for /etc/nginx/money.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter ., the field will be left blank.
----- # 证书信息
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:86
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:shanxi
Locality Name (eg, city) []:xian
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:openlab
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:RHCE
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:server
Email Address []:andyqq.com[rootserver ~]# cd /etc/nginx[rootserver nginx]# cp money.key money.key.org[rootserver nginx]# openssl rsa -in money.key.org -out money.key
Enter pass phrase for money.key.org: # 输入密码123456
writing RSA key[rootserver nginx]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# 在上一个server服务下面重新写一个serverserver {listen 443 ssl http2;server_name www.openlab.com;location /money {alias /www/openlab/money;index index.html index.htm;}ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/money.crt;ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/money.key;}[rootserver nginx]# systemctl restart nginx# windows端打开浏览器输入https://www.openlab.com/money测试实验5基于不同IP的虚拟主机网站
第一步准备工作
[rootserver ~]# setenforce 0[rootserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[rootserver ~]# yum install nginx -y[rootserver ~]# systemctl start nginx第二步 查看并添加IP地址
[rootserver ~]# ip a
1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group defaul t qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP gro up default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:ac:68:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.160.137/24 brd 192.168.160.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feac:68d3/64 scope link noprefixroutevalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[rootserver ~]# nmcli c modify ens32 ipv4.address 192.168.160.200/24
[rootserver ~]# nmcli c modify ens32 ipv4.address 192.168.160.201/24
[rootserver ~]# ip a
1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:ac:68:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.160.137/24 brd 192.168.160.255 scope global noprefixroute ens32valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet 192.168.160.200/24 brd 192.168.160.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens32valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet 192.168.160.201/24 brd 192.168.160.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens32valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feac:68d3/64 scope link noprefixroutevalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever第三步创建两个IP的启动主页面
[rootserver ~]# mkdir -p /www/ip200
[rootserver ~]# mkdir -p /www/ip201
[rootserver ~]# echo 200 /www/ip200/index.html
[rootserver ~]# echo 201 /www/ip201/index.html第四步 更改主配置文件
[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.confserver {listen 80;listen [::]:80;server_name _;root /usr/share/nginx/html;# Load configuration files for the default server block.include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;error_page 404 /404.html;location /40x.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location /50x.html {}}server {listen 80;server_name 192.168.160.200;root /www/ip200;}server {listen 80;server_name 192.168.160.201;root /www/ip201;}第四步重启nginx,打开window输入192.168.160.200测试
[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart nginx# 在虚拟机上测试
[rootserver ~]# curl 192.168.160.200
200
[rootserver ~]# curl 192.168.160.201
201实验6基于不同端口号的虚拟主机网站
第一步准备工作
[rootserver ~]# setenforce 0[rootserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[rootserver ~]# yum install nginx -y[rootserver ~]# systemctl start nginx第二步创建两个不同端口网页
[rootserver ~]# mkdir -p /www/port5111
[rootserver ~]# mkdir -p /www/port5222
[rootserver ~]# echo 5111 /www/port5111/index.html
[rootserver ~]# echo 5222 /www/port5222/index.html第三步配置主配置文件
[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.confserver {listen 80;listen [::]:80;server_name _;root /usr/share/nginx/html;# Load configuration files for the default server block.include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;error_page 404 /404.html;location /40x.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location /50x.html {}}server{listen 5111;server_name 192.168.160.137;root /www/port5111;}server{listen 5222;server_name 192.168.160.137;root /www/port5222;}第四步重启测试
# 或在window端输入192.168.160.137:5111测试
[rootserver ~]# curl 192.168.160.137:5111
5111
[rootserver ~]# curl 192.168.160.137:5222
5222实验7基于不同域名的虚拟主机网站
第一步准备工作
[rootserver ~]# setenforce 0[rootserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[rootserver ~]# yum install nginx -y[rootserver ~]# systemctl start nginx第二步创建两个域名网页
[rootserver ~]# mkdir -p /www/guan
[rootserver ~]# mkdir -p /www/test
[rootserver ~]# echo guan /www/guan/index.html
[rootserver ~]# echo test /www/test/index.html第三步修改配置文件
[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/hosts # 在下面添加
192.168.160.137 www.guan.com
192.168.160.137 www.test.com[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.confserver {listen 80;listen [::]:80;server_name _;root /usr/share/nginx/html;# Load configuration files for the default server block.include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;error_page 404 /404.html;location /40x.html {}error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;location /50x.html {}}server {listen 80;server_name www.test.com;root /www/test;}server {listen 80;server_name www.guan.com;root /www/guan;}第四步重启测试
[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart nginx
# 或在window端输入www.guan.com测试
[rootserver ~]# curl www.guan.com
guan
[rootserver ~]# curl www.test.com
testapache
实验1快速建站
快速建站apache
[rootserver ~]# yum install httpd -y[rootserver ~]# echo welcome to csdn /var/www/html/index.html[rootserver ~]# ls /var/www/html
index.html[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart httpd[rootserver ~]# curl 192.168.160.137
welcome to csdn实验2更换默认网页目录
更换默认网页目录(apache)第一步准备工作
[rootserver ~]# setenforce 0[rootserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[rootserver ~]# yum install httpd -y[rootserver ~]# systemctl start httpd[rootserver ~]# systemctl enable httpd[rootserver ~]# yum remove nginx -y # 用于删除nginx第二步新建网页存储目录/web使用xftp将网页数据上传到/web内
[rootserver ~]# mkdir /web
[rootserver ~]# cd /web[rootserver ~]# ls /web
css img index.html js第三步修改主配置文件
[rootserver web1]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# 第121行修改为真实的网页存储目录
DocumentRoot /web
# 第126行修改网页存储目录的访问权限
Directory /web AllowOverride None# Allow open access:Require all granted
/Directory第四步重启服务器并测试
[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart httpd
# windows端打开浏览器输入服务器的地址进行测试实验3身份验证登录网页
搭建一个个人用户主页功能网站实现通过身份验证功能来访问数据如果想在系统中为每一位用户建立一个独立的网站通常使用基于虚拟主机的功能来创建部署多个网站但这个工作会让管理者苦不堪言尤其是用户数据量很大的情况时而且用户自行管理网站时还会碰到权限限制需要为此做很多额外的工作其实httpd服务程序提供的个人主页功能可以完全胜任此工作该功能可以让系统内所有用户在自己的家目录中管理个人网站且访问也非常容易第一步准备工作
# 恢复快照[rootserver ~]# setenforce 0[rootserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[rootserver ~]# yum install httpd -y[rootserver ~]# systemctl start httpd[rootserver ~]# systemctl enable httpd
第二步编辑httpd目录中的用户主页配置文件不是httpd.conf
[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
#UserDir disabled # 插入#注释掉表示开启用户主页功能
UserDir public_html # 去掉#启动网站存储数据的默认目录路径/home/账户名/public_html第三步新建账户设置权限
[rootserver ~]# useradd andy
[rootserver ~]# passwd andy # 密码123456[rootserver ~]# useradd jenny
[rootserver ~]# passwd jenny # 密码65421
[rootserver ~]# id andy
用户id1004(andy) 组id1004(andy) 组1004(andy)
[rootserver ~]# id jenny
用户id1003(jenny) 组id1003(jenny) 组1003(jenny)[rootserver ~]# mkdir /home/andy/public_html
[rootserver ~]# cd /home/andy/public_html
[rootserver public_html]# ls
test[rootserver public_html]# cd
[rootserver ~]# mkdir /home/jenny/public_html
[rootserver ~]# cd /home/jenny/public_html
[rootserver public_html]# ls
test
[rootserver ~]$ chmod -Rf 755 /home/jenny
[rootserver ~]$ chmod -Rf 755 /home/andy第四步重启服务并测试
[rootserver andy]# systemctl restart httpd
# 在window浏览器中输入
# 192.168.160.137/~jenny
# 192.168.160.137/~andy下面的这个图是错误的在/home/*/public_html 下传输文件时不要再有文件应直接是index.html文件
第五步增加密码访问控制
[rootserver ~]# htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/passwd andy
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user andy# 分析# htpasswd生成密码数据的命令# -c表示第一次生成会创建存储密码加密密文的存储文本第二次创建时就不能增加-c选项否则存储密码密文文件内容会被覆盖# andy需要验证密码登录的账户[rootserver ~]# cat /etc/httpd/passwd
andy:$apr1$PZxZc7OD$vWsqZOqxpbXBgsZxvQs7i0
[rootserver ~]# htpasswd /etc/httpd/passwd jenny
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user jenny[rootserver ~]# cat /etc/httpd/passwd
andy:$apr1$PZxZc7OD$vWsqZOqxpbXBgsZxvQs7i0
jenny:$apr1$fW2KOC6b$BvukKHN9CPaMuG7SmHFli/第六步编辑个人主页配置文件设置访问控制策略
[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
Directory /home/andy/public_html # 设置andy账户目录的区域配置authuserfile /etc/httpd/passwd # 设置验证密码的存储文件位置authname My privately # 登录时的提示信息可能不显示authtype basic # 加密模式require user andy # 需要验证密码的账户名
/directoryDirectory /home/jenny/public_htmlauthuserfile /etc/httpd/passwdauthname My privatelyauthtype basicrequire user jenny
/Directory第七步重启服务并测试
[rootserver andy]# systemctl restart httpd
# 在window浏览器中输入
# 192.168.160.137/~jenny
# 192.168.160.137/~andy实验4密码验证登录网页
通过主配置文件实现密码验证访问网站第一步准备工作
# 恢复快照
[rootserver ~]# setenforce 0[rootserver ~]# systemctl stop firewalld[rootserver ~]# yum install httpd -y[rootserver ~]# systemctl start httpd[rootserver ~]# systemctl enable httpd第二步新建账户设置密码
[rootserver ~]# useradd t1
[rootserver ~]# passwd t1 # 密码123456
更改用户 t1 的密码 。
新的密码
无效的密码 密码少于 8 个字符
重新输入新的密码
passwd所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。[rootserver ~]# useradd t2
[rootserver ~]# passwd t2 # 密码654321
更改用户 t2 的密码 。
新的密码
无效的密码 密码少于 8 个字符
重新输入新的密码
passwd所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。第三步搭建网站设置密码访问控制
[rootserver ~]# mkdir -p /www/test[rootserver ~]# htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/passwdtest t1 # 密码123456
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user t1[rootserver ~]# htpasswd /etc/httpd/passwdtest t2 # 密码654321
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user t2[rootserver ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
121 DocumentRoot /www/test126 Directory /www/test133 Directory /www/test
134 authuserfile /etc/httpd/passwdtest
135 authname My privately
136 authtype basic
137 require user t1 t2
163 /Directory第四步重启服务测试
[rootserver ~]# systemctl restart httpd
# 浏览器中输入ip地址后输入账户及密码即可登录
